Commonly used in legal citations to refer to statutes that comprise several sequential sections of a code of statutes e. Bills truly agreed to and finally passed are signed in open session by the speaker of the house and the president pro tem of the senate. Nov 10, 2016 the bluebook specifically prohibits the use of et seq. Et seq legal definition of et seq legal dictionary. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. My relationship with the bluebook goes back to when i was a firstyear law student in 2004. Used in legal writing, it is common to provide references to rules, laws, codes, and other writings. The scope of the indigo book s coverage is roughly equivalent to the bluebook s bluepagesthat is, the indigo book covers legal citation for u. As mentioned previously, the current edition of the united states code is updated in print with an annual supplement. California code, business and professions code bpc. For california statutes, the bluebook allows citations to deerings california codes annotated available in print and on lexis or wests annotated california codes available in print and on westlaw. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebook s unique system of citation in their writing. Citations to cases and other authorities in all documents filed in the courts must be in the style established by either.
For more help and explanations, consult the latest edition of the bluebook. Payment of the penalty is due when a final order is issued or when the notice becomes a final order. Italicize the lowercase letter l in a citation to distinguish it from the number 1. The bluebook does a pretty good job of giving examples of the particular statute you may be citing. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. For court decisions, statutes, codes and other legal publications, apa uses the formats outlined in the bluebook.
A number of sources are available to help you become proficient and professional in the art of legal citation. An abbreviation for the latin et sequentes or et sequentia, meaning and the following. Jul 19, 2019 if you are citing a federal statute currently in force, the bluebook dictates that you cite to the united states code if it contains the current version of a statute rule 12. Citing statutes bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. Gwu law prof daniel solove weighs in with this blog post on his pet bb peeves. Introductory signals appear at the beginning of citation sentences. To send a reader to several statues, one may use the following form under bluebook rules. Basic legal citation starting points most lawyers and law students seem to think that properly citing legal materials is a nightmare. Weve previously looked at citing cases with this system, but today well move on to using bluebook referencing to cite federal statutes.
Below are examples based on the 18th edition of the bluebook. Germany does not have an equivalent to the bluebook citation system, or really any standardized system of legal citation at all as far as i know. The doctor also informs the patient of any limitations on activities that should be observed while on the medication. Always consult the bluebook for additional information. A uniform system of citation exemplifies hypertrophy in the anthropological sense. This is done by stating where the reference information can be found, and such references, or citations, can add a significant amount of extra material to the document. Within each general class of signal, signals are arranged in order of greatest to least direct relation to the assertion so a signal indicating a direct quote would come before one indicating an inferential step. For further information on state statutes, please click here. This relation can be supportive, comparative, or contradictory. Im really interested in this and i plan to post much more in the future. For further information on federal statutes, please click here. Findlaw codes are provided courtesy of thomson reuters westlaw, the industryleading online legal research system. It is a monstrous growth, remote from the functional need for legal citation forms, that serves obscure needs of the legal culture and its student subculture.
Jun 18, 2014 in a continuation of last weeks article should we use italics or underline. The bluebook sets out uniform conventions for referencing legal documents, so anyone studying us law will want to be familiar with the bluebook system. Statutes library guides at university of missouri libraries. Jul 19, 2019 the precise format of a statutory citation depends on a number of factors. As a legal reference librarian, my interest in legal citation is more researchfocused than anything. Do underline or italicize complete works books, newsletters, magazines, newspapers, movie titles, etc. Claudia catalano, annotation, unlawful access under stored communications act, 18 u. Should one or two section symbols be used in an et seq. Introductory signals and citation structure signals indicate the degree of support given by cited authority. Liability for overtime work performed prior to july 20, 1949. As for the fun symbol, i dont think the author is arguing for more use of the full word section when referencing legal authority. A uniform system of citation, a style guide, prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the united states.
For more detailed codes research information, including annotations and citations, please visit westlaw. Bluebook rule 12 covers how statutes should be cited in legal documents. If you translate a lot of bibliographies, you will have to decide how to write page references in english. The united states code annotated and united states code service are also updated in print with supplements or pocket parts small pamphlets inserted in the back of a volume if a particular statute has been amended or a new statute is enacted. Essentially the order of signals is supporting, comparative, contradictory, and general background. The scope of the indigo books coverage is roughly equivalent to the bluebooks bluepagesthat is, the indigo book covers legal citation for u. Oct 11, 2019 bluebook rule 12 covers how statutes should be cited in legal documents. The precise format of a statutory citation depends on a number of factors. For many years, the california style manual has served as the official guide for styling citations to legal materials in documents filed with state courts in california. Any penalty imposed pursuant to this section may be recovered with costs in a summary proceeding commenced by the commissioner pursuant to the penalty enforcement law of 1999, p. Boston college law school professor richard albert responded to my question and, with his.
It is used to refer to a page citation that continues on the pages that follow, or a statutory section or subsection and the sections or. A uniform system of citation, kept at the reference desk kf 245. Otherwise, two section symbols should be used for et seq. Cite to the name of the sourcedictionary, page number if pinpoint citing, edition and year. The bluebook system, however, is subject to the exceptions set forth in this manual. Remember that when citing to an annotated code, cite only to the text of the statute, not to any of the annotations or other editorial enhancements. Federal statutes bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. Effective january 1, 2008, however, california rule of court, rule 1. Signals are important because they indicate how a cited authority relates to the text. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. Bluebook legal referencing citing federal statutes proofed. California style manual for many years, the california style manual has served as the official guide for styling citations to legal materials in documents filed with state courts in california. The following samples cover basic citation format for secondary sources.
There are many permutations of citing to legal periodicals. Legal writers must reveal all subsequent case history occurring in a higher court. I did include a link to the committees page at the end of the post tom. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal. If you arent certain the words or terms of art that describe your topic you. Citing legal materials in apa style university library. While you generally will not cite to an alr annotation, rule 16. Public domain legal citations justia law blog december. Federal statutes bluebook guide guides at georgetown. It is commonly used by lawyers to include numbered lists, pages or sections after the first number is stated, as in the rules of the road are found in vehicle code section 1204, et seq. Ordinances can be enacted by cities, towns, or villages.
In the reference list entry, give the popular or official name of the act if any and the year of the act. Many of the complicated variations on rules are not shown in these samples. At asl, the primary source for rules regarding legal citation is the. Besides federal and state statutes, there are local laws usually known as ordinances. The 6th edition of the publication manual of the american psychological association 2010 outlines the citation style for legal materials in the appendix to chapter 7 pp. Bluebook legal referencing citing federal statutes. Be sure to consult the bluebook for specifics in general, cite to the authors, title of the article in italics, volume number of the source, title of the source i. The title, section, and text of the statute are almost always identical no matter which version you use but, to find the correct year, you will. The governor has fifteen days to act on a bill if it is sent during the legislative session.
Bluebooking california statutes bluebooking and legal. When citing to one of the unofficial annotated codes you need to indicate which set you used by identifying the publisher at the end of the cite. Citing statutes bluebook guide guides at georgetown. For an apa style reference list, treat legal citations as works with no authors. In a continuation of last weeks article should we use italics or underline. University of illinois law prof christine hurt adds her two cents about the bbs unfairness to solo blogs complete with a link to her paper analyzing the 18th edition. There are also two unofficial codes for federal statutes. Print california statutes are kept uptodate by supplements softcover pamphlets inserted in the back of each volume pocket parts or placed next to. Fair labor standards lii legal information institute. This section provides a brief guide to frequently used bluebook citation rules and sets out several exceptions. The answer to your question may vary depending on what your states style sheet says, if in fact your state has adopted one.
Like federal laws, state laws are available in three basic formats. The indigo book isnt the same as the bluebook, but it does implement the same uniform system of citation that the bluebook does. For further information on state statutes, please click here consult the blue pages, rule b12, if you are writing a brief. However, the basic format of a statutory citation is as follows. Apr 03, 2020 while you generally will not cite to an alr annotation, rule 16. To find the year, locate the volume that includes your statute and then use in order of preference the year on the spine, then the year on the title page, then the year r12.
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